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DID YOU KNOW?
Presumption of Innocence: In the U.S. legal system, every person accused of a crime is presumed innocent until proven guilty in a court of law. This principle is a cornerstone of criminal law.
Right to an Attorney: The Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to legal representation. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you (public defender) to ensure a fair trial.
Misdemeanors vs. Felonies: Criminal offenses in the U.S. are typically categorized as misdemeanors (less serious crimes) and felonies (more serious crimes). Felonies often carry harsher penalties.
Statute of Limitations: Many crimes have a statute of limitations, which sets a time limit for when charges can be filed. For some crimes, like murder, there may be no statute of limitations.
Double Jeopardy: The Fifth Amendment protects individuals from being tried twice for the same crime in the same jurisdiction, ensuring that you cannot be retried after an acquittal or conviction.
Jury Trials: In criminal cases, defendants have the right to a trial by a jury of their peers. The number of jurors can vary but is typically 12 in serious cases.
Bail System: Defendants may be released on bail while awaiting trial, allowing them to remain free under certain conditions until their case is resolved.
Plea Bargains: Many criminal cases are resolved through plea bargains, where the defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge or agrees to certain conditions in exchange for a reduced sentence.
Three Strikes Laws: Some states have “three strikes” laws, which mandate severe sentences for individuals convicted of three or more serious felonies.
Insanity Defense: In some cases defendants may plead not guilty by reason of insanity, arguing that they were not mentally responsible for their actions at the time of the crime.
Juvenile Justice System: Juveniles accused of crimes are typically processed through the juvenile justice system, which focuses on rehabilitation rather than punishment.
Civil Forfeiture: Law enforcement agencies can seize property believed to be involved in criminal activity, even if the property owner is not charged with a crime, leading to controversial civil forfeiture cases.
Exclusionary Rule: Evidence obtained illegally, such as through a warrantless search, is generally excluded from court proceedings, protecting individuals from unlawful searches and seizures.
Criminal Records: Criminal records can have long-lasting consequences, affecting employment, housing, and other aspects of life. Expungement and record sealing may be available in some cases.
